Seat belt laws by state. Booster seats must use a lap AND shoulder belt.

Seat belt laws by state. 685, a properly adjusted and fastened seat belt, including both the shoulder and lap belt when the vehicle is so equipped, shall be worn by the driver and passengers of a passenger vehicle, commercial motor vehicle, type III vehicle, and type III Head Start vehicle. Check your car seat's height, weight, or shoulder height limits. This paper investigates the effects of mandatory seat belt laws on driver behavior and traffic fatalities. Apr 30, 2025 · By 2009, belt use rose to 88% in 30 states with primary seatbelt laws and 77% with weaker seatbelt laws. This law also extends to children under 18, requiring them to be secured by a seat belt or child restraint system at all times, regardless of where they are Read about seat belt laws in Washington state, including enforcement and penalties for breaking the law. Buckle children in the right seat based on their age and size. In many states, the fines for backseat passengers and drivers without seat belts are the same. The Ohio Department of Health helps parents and others know the different types of restraints and the factors to consider when choosing the right seat for your child. (a) Occupant protection. The laws differ from State to State, according to the type and age of the vehicle, occupant age and seating position, etc. Follow the rules of the road when crossing from state-to-state and buckle up. A child restraint Ohio’s seat belt laws require anyone front-seat riders to wear a seat belt. Seat belts reduce serious crash-related injuries and deaths by about half. Use a seat belt during every trip, no matter how short. Sep 1, 2022 · Ohio's child passenger safety law requires that children of certain ages and weights must be secured in an appropriate child safety seat while traveling on Ohio's roads. It is not guaranteed to be current and should be independently verified. 1. [9] Seat belts have been mandatory equipment since the 1968 model year per Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 208. 412. Children less than age 18 States such as California and North Carolina have realized a significant increase in safety belt usage (to 80% in North Carolina) through the combination of a primary law and an aggressive awareness and enforcement effort. Primary Offense: not wearing a seat belt is cause enough for a driver to be pulled over and ticketed. According to updated laws that take effect MICHIGAN VEHICLE CODE (EXCERPT) Act 300 of 1949 257. Feb 9, 2025 · Learn about North Carolina’s seat belt laws, including requirements, penalties, exceptions, and their impact on insurance and liability. This law applies to any car manufactured since 1968. Nov 1, 2020 · In 1984, New York State became the first state to enact a mandatory seat belt law. Mar 7, 2025 · Understand Ohio’s seat belt laws, including who must comply, potential penalties, and specific exemptions to ensure safe and legal driving practices. S. Plus, what's safe for children and adults riding in the back of RVs. New Hampshire is the only state with no law requiring adults to wear seat belts in a vehicle (those under 17 still have to). Wearing your seat belt protects you and those around you. Each minor eight years of age or older who is an occupant of a passenger vehicle shall, while such passenger vehicle is being operated on a public road, street, or highway of this state, be restrained by a seat safety belt approved under Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 208. All drivers and front seat passengers are covered by the seat belt law and must have a seat belt properly fastened about their bodies at all times when the vehicle is in a forward motion. where it’s not illegal to drive without fastening your seatbelt. The table below shows which states have which type of enforcement for seat belt laws and shows the fine for not wearing a seat belt. Children should use a booster seat until the vehicle's seat belt fits them correctly. (and more) here. . We review each state’s laws annually and update them as changes are made. Since most RVers travel between states, it’s important that you know the RV seat belt laws in each state. 307. 1) Sec. -- (1) (i) Except as provided under subparagraph (ii), any person who is operating a passenger car, Class I truck, Class II truck, classic motor vehicle, antique motor vehicle or motor home and who transports a child under four years of age anywhere in the motor vehicle, including the cargo area, shall fasten such child securely in a child Car Seats, Seat Belts and Impaired DrivingUpdates to Michigan’s Child Passenger Safety Laws: Vehicle crashes are the #1 cause of death for young children. That is why Florida has seat belt laws. The federal three-point seatbelt law only requires vehicles to have a lap and shoulder belt, but the state legislation determines who must wear a seatbelt and what the penalties are. Mar 21, 2024 · Learn about seat belt laws in you state and seat belt safety tips from eTags. Vital Signs: nonfatal motor vehicle-occupant injuries (2009) and seat belt use (2008) among adults—United States. New York's seat belt law is a "primary enforcement law". Cops can ticket drivers and front-seat vehicle passengers for not wearing a seat belt. Drivers are required to wear safety belts at all times when operating a motor vehicle in Tennessee. An appropriate child restraint system is one that meets the child's size and weight and the specifications of the manufacturer of such system. Occupant Restraint Law for New York State Intro Seat belts save lives and help prevent serious injuries in a traffic crash. Seat Belt Laws Alabama Law Information Section 32-5B-4 Requirement of front seat occupants of passenger cars to wear safety belts; exemptions of certain persons. Also, drivers can be ticketed for minors in their vehicle not using a safety belt or for having improper child safety restraints. A statewide seat belt observational survey conducted in June 2023 shows that the current seat belt use rate has returned to a historical high of 94% after decreasing to 92% in (e) The child booster seat used must comply with standards of the United States department of transportation and must be secured in the vehicle in accordance with instructions of the vehicle manufacturer and the child booster seat manufacturer to position a child to sit properly in a federally approved safety seat belt system. Tenn. (section 316. The map below currently features Child Passenger Safety and Seat Belt Laws. Seat belts required for passenger cars — passenger cars defined — exceptions — failure to comply, effect on evidence and damages, admissible as evidence, when — penalty — passengers in car exceeding number of seat belts not violation for failure to use. Seat Belt Law Chart by State16585c-031125-v2a May 30, 2025 · Learn about the different seat belt laws in the United States and their impact on vehicle safety and accident prevention. Secondary enforcement laws allow law enforcement officers to cite violators only after they first have been stopped for some other traffic violation. On January 13, 2002, being buckled up became a primary enforcement law, meaning law enforcement can take action if they see you in a motor vehicle and not wearing a seat belt. 12-603. Jul 23, 2025 · The Primary Seat Belt Law in Arkansas states any police officer can stop and ticket someone who isn’t wearing a seatbelt, without any prior aggravations. Seat Belt Laws by State 2025 Primary enforcement seat belt laws allow law enforcement officers to stop vehicles if a driver or passenger is not wearing a seat belt. § 55-9-603 describes Tennessee as a primary safety belt state. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), using a seat belt can reduce crash-related fatalities by 45 percent and serious injuries by 50 percent. Individual states are encouraging the use of seat belts by passing laws that require their use. We’re here to serve you. As used in this section, the term "passenger car" means every motor vehicle designed for carrying ten persons or Are out-of-state drivers required to follow the same seat belt and child restraint laws as residents of Pennsylvania? Yes, all drivers, regardless of state residency, are required to follow the same seat belt and child restraint laws in Pennsylvania. (a) Each driver and passenger of a motor vehicle operated on a street or highway in this State shall wear a properly adjusted and fastened seat safety belt. Booster seats are for older children who have outgrown the forward-facing car seat. Passengers under age 8 must Not only is wearing a seat belt required by law, but they protect you against the most unforgiving laws of all — physics. Some states only require those in the front seat to wear seatbelts, while others may require all passengers to be buckled up! To avoid getting any pricey tickets, check out the laws below for all of the states that you are going to be traveling through. Seat belt and child seat laws Seat belts and child restraints are essential safety equipment. As of 2019, New Hampshire is the only state with no law requiring adults to wear seat belts in a vehicle. Seat belts are the best defense against impaired, aggressive, and distracted drivers. Mar 29, 2019 · Before you travel anywhere in your motorhome you’ll need to know and follow all the seatbelt laws. 178. Being buckled up during a crash helps keep you safe and secure inside your vehicle. Jan 4, 2019 · Do you have to wear a seat belt as a passenger in an RV? Do kids have to wear RV seat belts? See what's legal & what's not. 710e Safety belt required; driver or passenger to which section inapplicable; transporting child 13 years of age but less than 16 years of age; use of lap belt for purpose of road construction or maintenance; enforcement of section; violation as evidence of negligence; reduction of recovery for damages; violation as civil infraction; reports Nov 30, 2023 · Guide on Alabama Seat Belt Laws including its history, provisions, penalties, controversies, changes & enforcement practices to inform drivers and passengers. Furthermore, individuals with verifiable physical or mental disabilities that impede the use of seat belts are also exempt from this law. The penalty for a seat belt or car seat violation is a fine of up to $50. Beck LF, West BA. The Issue Seat belt use, reinforced by effective safety belt laws, is a proven lifesaver. In all 50 states except New Hampshire, failure to wear a seat belt is a misdemeanor. The magnitude of 3. A. If a driver is transporting a passenger under the age of 16, and they are not accompanied by a parent or guardian and do not buckle their § 4581. Well, a lot has changed since those days, including almost the entire country enacting seat belt laws. Jump to insight Jul 28, 2025 · Primary enforcement laws allow police officers to pull over drivers and issue tickets just because the drivers or their passengers aren't wearing seat belts. The law states that the front seat passengers must wear seat belts. Seat belt use by type of law in the US, 2008 In the United States, seat belt legislation varies by state. The remaining states, including Connecticut, cover only front seat occupants. (a) Except as provided in section 169. By 2010, 85% of drivers reported using a seat belt, a significant increase from the 11-14% recorded in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Read on to make sure you know the Florida safety belt law and important safety tips for children of all ages. But the enforcement of seat belt laws tends to differ from state to state. Restraint systems. ARIZONA SEAT BELT REGULATIONS and shoulder belt or a lap belt. Read more on our main seat belt page and our child safety page. Driver and passenger required to use safety belts, exceptions and penalty. They can also help eligible families afford car seats and Feb 1, 2017 · Washington State’s first seat belt laws took effect in 1986. Seat Belt Law in New York State New York State law requires all passengers to wear seat belts. Oct 10, 2024 · Belt laws increase belt use, especially with publicized enforcement. 208 shall either: Seat Belt Safety Law Chart by State15482k-050622-v1 (b) “Safety belt” means a seat belt assembly that meets the requirements established under Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. Seat Belt Law As of November 1, 2020, New York State now requires all passengers to buckle up regardless of where they sit in the vehicle. In states with primary seat belt laws, failure to wear a seat belt is a violation that is cause for a police officer to stop you. If you want to know the car seat laws height and weight, and age rules for each state, we also compile a list of all 50 US states so that you can know if the searched state focus on height and weight requirement or on age requirement. Relevant statutes: Child Passenger Safety Seat Systems Obtaining Child Passenger Safety Seat System Safety Belts Riding in Open Beds Vernon's Texas Statutes and Codes Annotated Transportation Code Texas Seatbelt Laws TRANSPORTATION CODE Chapter 545. — 1. We’ve made it easier for you by researching and keeping a complete list of car seat laws for each of the 50 states of the U. Proper child Jan 1, 2025 · Seat belt use grew the most between 1984 and 1987, when 29 states adopted mandatory seat belt laws. Current law only requires adults in the front seat to wear a seat belt. All vehicle occupants must securely fasten and properly adjust seatbelts while riding. 614, Florida Statutes Child Passenger Safety, Children Ages Five to Nine Years What NYS child passenger safety laws are important for me to know? NYS law requires children under age eight to be restrained in an appropriate child safety restraint system. (8) The state patrol may adopt rules exempting operators or occupants of farm vehicles, construction equipment, and vehicles that are required to make frequent stops from the requirement of wearing safety belts. Jun 16, 2025 · Children five to eight years old or weighing between 40-60 pounds must use a booster seat or a five-point harness. (2) and fastened in a manner prescribed by the manufacturer of the safety belt which permits the safety belt to act as a body restraint. This is why New York State requires seat belt use by adults in motor vehicles, and seat belts, booster seats, or child safety seats for children. 2-1094. More child safety laws coming soon. Safety Belts In the U. Beginning July 1, 2025, Virginia law requires all passengers—front and back—to wear seat belts. 208, 49 C. (a) A person commits an offense if the person Oct 13, 2023 · Under Colorado’s seat belt law, individuals in vehicles manufactured before 1968 without seat belts are exempt from the seat belt requirement. Wearing your seat belt in Florida became a primary offense with The Dori Slosberg and Katie Marchetti Safety Belt Law (effective June 30, 2009). Seat Belt Law Starting November 1, 2020, New York State now requires all passengers to buckle up regardless of where they sit in the vehicle – including drivers and all passengers. Jan 1, 2025 · The decision to make seat belt use compulsory was left to individual states. R. The law requires that all drivers, all front seat passengers and all passengers under the age of 18 fasten their safety belts. Seat belt requirement. Any driver, and any other person at least 18 years of age and occupying a seat, of a motor vehicle equipped or required by the provisions of this title to be equipped with a safety belt system, consisting of lap belts, shoulder harnesses, combinations thereof or similar (h) This section does not apply to: (1) A passenger or operator with a physical disability which prevents appropriate restraint in a safety seat or safety belt; provided, that the condition is duly certified in writing by a physician who shall state the nature of the disability, as well as the reason a restraint is inappropriate; Adjust the seat belt height on the side of the vehicle to prevent the shoulder belt from resting on your neck. The strongest laws allow for primary enforcement, or for police to stop a driver solely for not using a seat belt. Seat belt laws are grouped into two broad categories known as primary and secondary laws. Operation and Movement of Vehicles § 545. Learn about the different seat belt laws by state in the United States, including federal standards and primary enforcement. Adult belt use laws are now in effect in 49 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. If your passengers do not wear a seat belt, your vehicle can be pulled over and your adult passengers may receive a ticket. Seat belt use is consistently higher in states with primary enforcement seat belt laws than in states with secondary enforcement seat belt laws. Failure to comply with the seat belt law may result in fines. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), the combination of an airbag plus a lap and shoulder belt reduces the risk of death in frontal crashes by 61 percent (625 ILCS 5/12-603. (a) In this subsection, “properly restrained” means wearing a safety belt approved by the department under sub. Primary and secondary enforcement, fines, and more. Tennessee mandates that all drivers and front seat passengers must wear seat belts when the vehicle is in motion. Seatbelt Laws in the United States Seatbelt laws vary throughout the US based on the enforcement and the people protected under the law. Self-reported seat belt use, United States, 2002-2010: Does prevalence vary by state and type of seat belt law? Journal of Safety Research, 2012;43:417-20. Shults RA, Beck LF. No one may operate a motor vehicle unless that person has first properly secured all children under the age of 16 in either safety belts or approved child Although seat belts are a long-standing, universal standard, drivers and passengers often ignore seat belt laws neglect to buckle up. California Child Passenger Safety Laws When is a child restraint required? 40 pounds and less than 40 inches in a rear-facing infant seat Under 7 years and under 57 inches tall in an appropriate child passenger restraint system In this annual plan produced by the Division of Highway Traffic Safety, an overview and analysis of seat belt use in the State of New Jersey is discussed, followed by a breakdown of strategies and funding that will be used to increase belt usage rates. Feb 11, 2025 · Maryland state seat belt law Maryland law requires all drivers and front-seat passengers to wear seat belts. Sep 23, 2024 · The map above shows the current seat belt laws in the United Statas. 208. Seat belt enforcements are typically either primary or secondary offenses. Under Arkansas law, anybody not wearing a seatbelt can be ticketed (Justia Law). Children under the age of 16 must wear seat belts when they are in the front seat or the back seat. Seat belts save lives! Buckling up is the single most effective thing you can do to protect yourself in a crash. 1) (from Ch. The use of lap and shoulder belts has been proven to lower the risk of fatal injury to motor vehicle occupants and nearly all states have enacted some form of seat belt law although the strength of the law varies. This means that a police officer may stop you for not having a seat belt on. Michigan has a primary seat belt law, which means law enforcement can stop and ticket motorists solely for not Jul 8, 2025 · (2m) Required use. 571. Find out if you need to wear a seatbelt in the front or back seat, and what are the fines for not complying. Child Passenger Safety Seat Systems; Offense. Booster seats must use a lap AND shoulder belt. 614, Florida Statutes). Nov 30, 2021 · Unbuckled Backseat Passengers: Legal Consequences Even if the driver is wearing a seat belt, he or she can still be cited for backseat passengers without seat belts. Occupants of front seats of motor vehicles required to use safety lap belts and shoulder harnesses; penalty. New York is a "primary enforcement" state. Over time, most other states followed suit, and today, seat belt use is widely accepted and understood to be based on good science and common sense. Following these requirements greatly reduces the chances of death or serious injury in a crash. Operators who violate the law (first or second violation) are required to complete a Child Passenger Safety Class. Florida is a primary seat belt law state (section 316. (iii) This paragraph shall not apply to: Wrong! Among rear seat occupants, seat belt use can reduce the risk for death by 60%. in addition, all passengers under 18 years old must wear a seat belt or be Dec 13, 2024 · Learn about Arizona’s seat belt laws, including requirements, penalties, and exceptions, to ensure compliance and safety on the road. , motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of death among children. Apr 11, 2025 · Car seat laws vary by state which can be confusing, especially when traveling to different states. Nine states that changed seatbelt laws from secondary to primary saw a 12%–18% increase in seatbelt use. The goal of these laws is to promote belt use and thereby reduce deaths and injuries in Florida Mandatory Seat Belt Laws State of Florida Seat Belt Laws In a car crash you are much more likely to be killed if you are not wearing a seat belt. For some, it may be difficult to understand the arguments of states without seatbelt laws. If you are transporting a passenger under the age of 16, and they are not accompanied by Washington’s Child Restraint Law helps ensure you are correctly using the right seat for your child’s age and size. 95 1/2, par. Car seat safety guidelines Children must be secured in the appropriate car or booster seat. Accessed 3 Sep 2020. In secondary seat belt law states, not meeting the state’s seat belt laws isn’t enough for you to be pulled over, but it is a ticket able offense if you’re stopped for Jan 31, 2025 · Facts About Seat Belt Use At a glance Wearing a seat belt is the most effective way to prevent injury or death in crashes for adults and older children. Secondary enforcement seat belt laws require law enforcement officers to have some other reason for stopping a vehicle before citing a driver or passenger for not using a seat belt. Subdivision 1. But you can reduce your child’s risk of death in a crash by 50% just by making sure they’re properly restrained in the appropriate car seat, booster seat, or seat belt for their age and size. Dec 11, 2023 · The Oklahoma Highway Safety Office (OHSO) and its statewide partners work to educate Oklahomans about the importance of buckling up and the state laws regarding seat belt use and child restraints. F. This material has been prepared for general information purposes only. Although each state has different laws, New Hampshire is the only state in the U. May 30, 2025 · Learn about the different seat belt laws in the United States and their impact on vehicle safety and accident prevention. Mar 21, 2024 · There is a clear correlation between state laws enforcing the use of seat belts and states’ seat belt use rates. Jan 7, 2018 · Not all states are the same when it comes to RV Seat Belt Laws. May 17, 2024 · New Hampshire is the only state that does not require adults to wear seat belts in a motor vehicle. Jun 7, 2018 · Washington State Seatbelt Laws Washington legislation states all people 16 years and older operating or riding in motor vehicles must wear seatbelts. Children under the age of four must ride in safety seats. In certain states, these seat belt laws may only cover front-seat occupants, but seat belt laws in 26 states as well as the District of Columbia cover both front and rear-seat occupants. Your child’s safety in the car requires the right seat, used the right way, every time. New York became the first state to pass such a law in 1984, with a fine of $50 for non-compliance. § 46. In 34 of those states and the District of Columbia, a driver can be pulled over just for not wearing a seatbelt. Using a unique panel data set on seat belt usage rates in all U. s. Seat belts serve as the first line of defense against injury or death for vehicle occupants when crashes occur. (c) “Restrained by a safety belt” means being restricted by an appropriately adjusted safety belt which is properly fastened at all times when a motor vehicle is in motion. Once primary enforcement law was enacted in 2002, seat belt usage rates drastically […] Learn about child safety seat programs, services, and regulations from the California Highway Patrol to ensure your child's safety while traveling. Controlling for the endogeneity of seat belt usage, we find that it decreases overall traffic fatalities. 2) (relating to unlawful activities) in this Commonwealth shall wear a properly adjusted and fastened safety seat belt system. Seat Belt Law Chart by State16121e-021424-v1a Oct 19, 2023 · There are safety belt laws in all states in the United States with the exception of New Hampshire. With its partners at the NJ Division of Highway Traffic Safety and state and local law enforcement, the MVC has sought to increase seat belt usage and educate the public about the State’s seat belt laws. Arizona is a secondary enforcement state, except for children subject to chi d restraint system requirements. Illinois law requires all drivers and passengers (front and back seat) age 8 and older to wear safety belts even if the vehicle is equipped with air bags. New York State passed the first law in The safety belt is your vehicle’s best safety feature, but it only works if you use it. If passengers do not wear a seat belt, the vehicle can be pulled over and adult passengers may receive a ticket. Motor homes are considered passenger vehicles under Oregon law and as such, adult belt and child seat requirements also apply to motor homes --- but only to forward-facing vehicle seating positions (those meeting federal safety standards for seat belt anchorages). Code Ann. Jul 31, 2024 · Understanding Tennessee’s seat belt laws is crucial for every driver and passenger to ensure safety and avoid penalties. Seat belt use was voluntary until New York became the first state to require vehicle occupants to wear seat belts, as of December 1, 1984. Secondary enforcement means that seat belt laws can only be enforced if you were already stopped for a separate violation. Riders age 15 and under must use a seat belt on another restraint in the back seat. Additionally, all passengers under the age of 16 must wear seat belts, regardless of their seating position in the vehicle. Birth to two years old: All infants and toddlers should ride in a rear-facing car seat until they are two years old, or until they reach the highest weight or height allowed by their safety seat's manufacturer. A child less than 8 years of age shall be protected as required pursuant to the Child (b) “Safety belt” means a seat belt assembly that meets the requirements established under Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. On a related note, there are three states that do not require motorcycle helmets: New Hampshire, Illinois and Iowa. May 13, 2025 · The law requires every adult riding in a car on a public highway to wear a seat belt, even in the back seat. Wisconsin law provides for a fine of $10 and no points are assigned against a person's driver record. Jun 11, 2024 · It’s kind of comparable to the not-so-popular helmet for bikers and skiers back in the day. Persons who are unable to wear a seat belt for medical or psychological reasons and letter carriers for the U. Restraint Use Laws The first mandatory belt use law was enacted in the New York in 1984. For more resources, visit the main Child Safety web page. Learn more about Texas seat belt laws . In states with secondary enforcement, police can only enforce the belt law if they have pulled over the driver for another violation first. MMWR 2011;59 Apr 9, 2025 · (2) "Occupant restraining device" means a seat safety belt, shoulder belt, harness, or other safety device for restraining a person who is an operator of or passenger in an automobile and that satisfies the minimum federal vehicle safety standards established by the United States department of transportation. Primary enforcement seat belt use laws permit law enforcement officers to stop and cite a violator independent of any other traffic violation. jurisdictions, we analyze how such laws, by influencing seat belt use, affect traffic fatalities. Primary enforcement laws, enhanced enforcement, and penalties for failure to wear a seat belt have reduced the number of traffic crash fatalities and increased seat belt usage. Seat belt laws in the United States govern whether drivers and passengers must wear seat belts, which are critical for reducing injury and fatality rates in vehicle crashes. Make sure everyone in your car is buckled up. Children should always be buckled up or in a proper child restraint, and everyone should be buckled up for safety. Children eight years or older and weighing 60 pounds or more can use a safety belt or a booster seat. The state of Wisconsin introduced legislation in 1961 requiring seat belts to be fitted to the front outboard seat positions of cars. Vehicle owners are required to maintain belt systems in working order. Each front seat occupant of a motor vehicle that is designed for carrying ten or fewer passengers, that is manufactured for the model year 1972 and thereafter and that is required to be equipped with an integrated lap and shoulder belt or a lap belt pursuant to the federal motor vehicle safety standards prescribed in 49 Code of Federal Regulations section 571. Postal Service are ex (B) Each driver, front seat occupant and back seat occupant of a vehicle operated as provided under section 4107 (b. From low-speed crashes to violent rollovers, wearing one protects against intense amounts of force. Heading out for an adventure? Make sure you know the RV seat belt laws for each state you visit! Learn more with Cruise America’s comprehensive guide. Jul 1, 2004 · Children age four (4) through age eight (8), and measuring less than four feet nine inches (4'9") in height, must be secured in a belt-positioning booster seat system, meeting federal motor vehicle safety standards in the rear seat, if available, or according to the child safety restraint system or vehicle manufacturer's instructions. In New York, a new law allows police to give out $50 tickets for every unbuckled In addition, seat belt laws in a majority of states cover front and rear seat occupants. anbe cqom jwxy dtphjv pszps kviep xmhkg jyithsg stzlb hqnen